BALL SPEED:
• Definition: Absolute speed of the ball in miles per hour, in the direction of flight.
• Influence on shot performance: More ball speed means more distance.
• Typical Values: Ball speeds vary per player to player.

LAUNCH ANGLE:
• Definition: The angle in degrees of the ball’s initial flight relative to a horizontal axis(ground)
• Influence on Shot Performance: Higher launch angles create higher initial ball flights .
• Values: launch Angles vary from player and from club to club.
• Ideal Values: The ideal launch angle varies depending upon ball speed and the spin rates achieved with a given club configuration. The slower the ball speed ,the higher the ideal launch angle. In general , a higher launch angle, with the right amount of backspin, will create a longer shot.

BACKSPIN:
• Definition: The revolutions per minute in the counterclockwise direction of the ball’s initial flight relative to a horizontal axis. The bottom of the ball is spinning away from the target.
• Influence on Shot Performance: Backspin creates lift on the ball, working against gravity to help keep the ball in the air. More backspin creates more lift.
• Typical Values: Backspin rates vary from player to player, club to club, and ball to ball.
• Ideal Values: The ideal Backspin varies depending upon ball speed and launch angle.

SIDESPIN:
• Definition: The rate of rotation of the ball about a vertical axis measured in rotations per minute. A negative number is fade spin and a positive number is draw spin.
• Influence on Shot Performance: Sidespin causes sideways lift on the ball resulting in hooks, draws, fades and slices.
• Typical Values: Sidespin rates vary from player to player and from club to club.
• Ideal Values: The ideal sidespin varies depending upon the desired shot shape of the player.